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2008
Bajram Curri
Nė 29 mars 1925 u nda nga jeta trimi i maleve Bajram Curri, Hero i Popullit, njėri nga organizatorėt dhe prijėsit kryesorė tė Lidhjes Shqiptare tė Prizrenit, i cili ndihmoi pėr ngritjen e klubeve dhe shkollave shqipe, punoi pėr forcimin e shtetit shqiptar dhe ishte ndėr udhėheqėsit e forcave demokratike nė luftėn e tyre pėr liri, deri sa ra ne shpellėn e Dragobisė.

Mustafa Matohiti
Nė 29 mars 1944 u vra gjatė luftimeve tė pabarabarta me forcat gjermane, Mustafa Matohiti, Hero i Popullit.

Dino Kalenja
Nė 29 mars 1944 ra duke luftuar i riu nga Mallakastra Dino Kalenja, Hero i Popullit.

Tulio Levi Ēivita
Nė 29 mars 1873 u lind matematikani italian Tulio Levi Ēivita, shkencėtari qė pėr herė tė parė shtroi dhe zgjidhi problemėn mbi rregullimin e kufizuar tė tre trupave, si dhe vėrtetoi matematikisht teorinė e invarianteve adiabike tė shtruara nga Ajnshtajni.

Aleksej Bah
Nė 29 mars 1857 u lind shkencėtari rus Aleksej Bah, themeluesi i Shkollės sė Biokimisė ruse, i cili formuloi teorinė e proceseve tė oksidimit tė ngadaltė nė organizmat e gjalla ( te kafshėt dhe bimėt).
Histori :: Albania THE ANCIENT ILLYRIANS
Postuar nga: ReEdD

Histori Shkrim i shkeputur nga Library of Congres, ku flitet per parardhesit tane, Iliret.

Jemi populli me i lashte i Ballkanit. Kemi patur shtrirje nga Sllovenia e sotme
deri shume me poshte se gjiri i Artes. Duhet te jemi krenare per qenien tone
por qe nuk mund te ndihesh i tille nese nuk e di se kush je dhe nga vjen.

Evokimi i periudhes se lashtesise duhet te jete detyre primare per cdo shqiptar,
pasi eshte e vetmja menyre per te ngritur lart ndergjegjen kombetare dhe
per te zhdukur dallimet fetare, krahinore etj.

Albania

THE ANCIENT ILLYRIANS




Illyria under Roman Rule, First Century B.C.

Source: Based on information from R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Encyclopedia of Military History, New
York, 1970, 95; Herman Kinder and Werner Hilgemann, The Anchor Atlas of World History, 1, New York, 1974, 90, 94;
and Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15, New York, 1975, 1092.

Mystery enshrouds the exact origins of today's Albanians. Most historians of the Balkans believe the Albanian people are in
large part descendants of the ancient Illyrians, who, like other Balkan peoples, were subdivided into tribes and clans. The name
Albania is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Arber, or Arbereshė, and later Albanoi, that lived near Durrės.
The Illyrians were Indo-European tribesmen who appeared in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula about 1000 B.C., a
period coinciding with the end of the Bronze Age and beginning of the Iron Age. They inhabited much of the area for at least
the next millennium. Archaeologists associate the Illyrians with the Hallstatt culture, an Iron Age people noted for production of
iron and bronze swords with winged-shaped handles and for domestication of horses. The Illyrians occupied lands extending
from the Danube, Sava, and Morava rivers to the Adriatic Sea and the Sar Mountains. At various times, groups of Illyrians
migrated over land and sea into Italy.

The Illyrians carried on commerce and warfare with their neighbors. The ancient Macedonians probably had some Illyrian
roots, but their ruling class adopted Greek cultural characteristics. The Illyrians also mingled with the Thracians, another ancient
people with adjoining lands on the east. In the south and along the Adriatic Sea coast, the Illyrians were heavily influenced by
the Greeks, who founded trading colonies there. The present-day city of Durrės evolved from a Greek colony known as
Epidamnos, which was founded at the end of the seventh century B.C. Another famous Greek colony, Apollonia, arose
between Durrės and the port city of Vlorė.

The Illyrians produced and traded cattle, horses, agricultural goods, and wares fashioned from locally mined copper and iron.
Feuds and warfare were constant facts of life for the Illyrian tribes, and Illyrian pirates plagued shipping on the Adriatic Sea.
Councils of elders chose the chieftains who headed each of the numerous Illyrian tribes. From time to time, local chieftains
extended their rule over other tribes and formed short-lived kingdoms. During the fifth century B.C., a well-developed Illyrian
population center existed as far north as the upper Sava River valley in what is now Slovenia. Illyrian friezes discovered near
the present-day Slovenian city of Ljubljana
depict ritual sacrifices, feasts, battles, sporting events, and other activities.

The Illyrian kingdom of Bardhyllus became a formidable local power in the fourth century B.C. In 358 B.C., however,
Macedonia's Philip II, father of Alexander the Great, defeated the Illyrians and assumed control of their territory as far as Lake
Ohrid (see fig. 5). Alexander himself routed the forces of the Illyrian chieftain Clitus in 335 B.C., and Illyrian tribal leaders and
soldiers accompanied Alexander on his conquest of Persia. After Alexander's death in 323 B.C., independent Illyrian kingdoms
again arose. In 312 B.C., King Glaucius expelled the Greeks from Durrės. By the end of the third century, an Illyrian kingdom
based near what is now the Albanian city of Shkodėr controlled parts of northern Albania, Montenegro, and Hercegovina.
Under Queen Teuta, Illyrians attacked Roman merchant vessels plying the Adriatic Sea and gave Rome an excuse to invade the
Balkans.

In the Illyrian Wars of 229 and 219 B.C., Rome overran the Illyrian settlements in the Neretva River valley. The Romans made
new gains in 168 B.C., and Roman forces captured Illyria's King Gentius at Shkodėr, which they called Scodra, and brought
him to Rome in 165 B.C. A century later, Julius Caesar and his rival Pompey fought their decisive battle near Durrės
(Dyrrachium). Rome finally subjugated recalcitrant Illyrian tribes in the western Balkans dwing the region of Emperor Tiberius in
A.D. 9. The Romans divided the lands that make up present-day Albania among the provinces of Macedonia, Dalmatia, and
Epirus (see fig. 2).

For about four centuries, Roman rule brought the Illyrian-populated lands economic and cultural advancement and ended most
of the enervating clashes among local tribes. The Illyrian mountain clansmen retained local authority but pledged allegiance to
the emperor and acknowledged the authority of his envoys. During a yearly holiday honoring the Caesars, the Illyrian
mountaineers swore loyalty to the emperor and reaffirmed their political rights. A form of this tradition, known as the kuvend,
has survived to the present day in northern Albania.

The Romans established numerous military camps and colonies and completely latinized the coastal cities. They also oversaw
the construction of aqueducts and roads, including the Via Egnatia, a famous military highway and trade route that led from
Durrės through the Shkumbin River valley to Macedonia and Byzantium (later Constantinople --see Glossary). Copper,
asphalt, and silver were extracted from the mountains. The main exports were wine, cheese, oil, and fish from Lake Scutari and
Lake Ohrid. Imports included tools, metalware, luxury goods, and other manufactured articles. Apollonia became a cultural
center, and Julius Caesar himself sent his nephew, later the Emperor Augustus, to study there.

Illyrians distinguished themselves as warriors in the Roman legions and made up a significant portion of the Praetorian Guard.
Several of the Roman emperors were of Illyrian origin, including Diocletian (284-305), who saved the empire from
disintegration by introducing institutional reforms, and Constantine the Great (324-37)--who accepted Christianity and
transferred the empire's capital from Rome to Byzantium, which he called Constantinople. Emperor Justinian (527-65)--who
codified Roman law, built the most famous Byzantine church, the Hagia Sofia, and reextended the empire's control over lost
territories- -was probably also an Illyrian
.

Christianity came to the Illyrian-populated lands in the first century A.D. Saint Paul wrote that he preached in the Roman
province of Illyricum, and legend holds that he visited Durrės. When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western
halves in A.D. 395, the lands that now make up Albania were administered by the Eastern Empire but were ecclesiastically
dependent on Rome. In A.D. 732, however, a Byzantine emperor, Leo the Isaurian, subordinated the area to the patriarchate
of Constantinople. For centuries thereafter, the Albanian lands became an arena for the ecclesiastical struggle between Rome
and Constantinople. Most Albanians living in the mountainous north became Roman Catholic, while in the southern and central
regions, the majority became Orthodox.

Data as of April 1992


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